Soon after, however, Rome raised the question of his legitimacy, with anti-Senate Roman politicians claiming that they had a will written by Ptolemy XI. When Ptolemy XI died in 80 B.C., Ptolemy XII and his younger brother were the only male heirs.Ĭonsequently, the Egyptian empire crowned Ptolemy XII as the ruler in 76 B.C. Ptolemy XII, Cleopatra’s father, had opened the door to the Romans. Nevertheless, Egypt could still preserve its wealth and status despite losing its territories.īut, by the time Cleopatra rose to power, Egypt was starting to crumble around her because of pressures exuded from Rome, massive losses of lands, as well as the famine that plagued the empire.Īs a result, Cleopatra, using her wit, beauty, and power of enticement, convinced two of the world’s most potent Roman men to keep her once-powerful empire out of complete grips from Roman control.Īside from dealing with foreign problems, Cleopatra VII also had to overcome the problem of being the sole female ruler in an Egyptian society that did not accept female rulers without male guidance. However, the Roman Empire’s inclusion into the Ptolemy dynasty’s affairs eventually led to a decline in Egypt’s territories. See also Why did John Adams defend British Soldiers in the Boston Massacre? The liaisons of these three influential figureheads of two of the most powerful empires of the time were ripe with power struggles that would forever change the course of Egyptian and Roman history. The relationships between Cleopatra VII, Julius Caesar, and later- Mark Antony were opulent love affairs. The dictator of the Roman Empire expertly expanded the realm of Roman influence and consequently had eyes on Egypt with a plan to add the illustrious empire to Rome’s ever-expanding conquests. ![]() He conquered Gaul and initiated the end of the Roman Republic. On the other hand, Julius Caesar was a masterful military general of Rome – powerful and ruthless. ![]() The ancient Egyptians’ empress of Egypt, Cyrene, and Cyprus celebrated Cleopatra for her passionate nature, intellect, beauty, and determination to advance her Ptolemaic legacy. The graceful daughter of Egypt and Egyptian Pharoah, Cleopatra’s patrimony includes the Macedonian-Greek-Ptolemaic Dynasty, one of the most potent Egyptian dynasties that ruled since the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC. Two characters, Julius Caesar and CleopatraĬleopatra’s legacy lives on as the heroine of literary figure Shakespeare’s tragedy and one of the most famous historical Egyptian monarchs today through the stories of her beauty, deceit, power, and most of all, her bold affair with Rome’s most famous general, Gaius Julius Caesar.
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